The liver is an organ about the size of a football. It sits just under your rib cage on the right side of your abdomen. Your liver helps fight infections and cleans your blood. It also helps digest food and stores energy for when you need it. A healthy liver has the amazing ability to grow back, or regenerate, when it is damaged. Anything that keeps your liver from doing its job – or from growing back after injury – may put your life in danger.
Liver disease can be inherited (genetic). Liver problems can also be caused by a variety of factors that damage the liver, such as viruses, alcohol use and obesity.
Over time, conditions that damage the liver can lead to scarring (cirrhosis), which can lead to liver failure, a life-threatening condition. But early treatment may give the liver time to heal.
Signs & Symptoms
Liver disease doesn’t always cause noticeable signs and symptoms. If signs and symptoms of liver disease do occur, they may include:
- Skin and eyes that appear yellowish (jaundice)
- Abdominal pain and swelling
- Swelling in the legs and ankles
- Itchy skin
- Dark urine color
- Pale stool color
- Chronic fatigue
- Nausea or vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Tendency to bruise easily
Causes
Liver disease has many causes. Whether your liver is infected with a virus, injured by chemicals, or under attack from your own immune system, the basic danger is the same – that your liver will become so damaged that it can no longer work to keep you alive.
It’s important to catch liver disease early. If you are treated successfully at an early stage, your liver may have a chance to heal itself and recover.
Infection
Parasites and viruses can infect the liver, causing inflammation that reduces liver function. The viruses that cause liver damage can be spread through blood or semen, contaminated food or water, or close contact with a person who is infected. The most common types of liver infections are hepatitis viruses, including Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C.
Immune system abnormality
Diseases in which your immune system attacks certain parts of your body (autoimmune) can affect your liver. Examples of autoimmune liver diseases include:
• Autoimmune hepatitis
• Primary biliary cholangitis
• Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Genetics
An abnormal gene inherited from one or both of your parents can cause various substances to build up in your liver, resulting in liver damage. Genetic liver diseases include:
• Hemochromatosis
• Wilson’s disease
• Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Cancer and other growths
Examples include:
• Liver cancer
• Bile duct cancer
• Liver adenoma
Other
Additional, common causes of liver disease include:
• Chronic alcohol abuse
• Fat accumulation in the liver (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease)
• Certain prescription or over-the-counter medications
• Certain herbal compounds
Risk factors
Factors that may increase your risk of liver disease include:
- Heavy alcohol use
- Obesity
- Type 2 diabetes
- Tattoos or body piercings
- Injecting drugs using shared needles
- Blood transfusion before 1992
- Exposure to other people’s blood and body fluids
- Unprotected sex
- Exposure to certain chemicals or toxins
- Family history of liver disease
Prevention
To prevent liver disease:
- Drink alcohol in moderation.
- For healthy adults, that means up to one drink a day for women and up to two drinks a day for men. Heavy or high-risk drinking is defined as more than eight drinks a week for women and more than 15 drinks a week for men.
- Avoid risky behavior.
- Use a condom during sex. If you choose to have tattoos or body piercings, be picky about cleanliness and safety when selecting a shop. Seek help if you use illicit intravenous drugs, and don’t share needles to inject drugs.
- Get vaccinated.
- If you’re at increased risk of contracting hepatitis or if you’ve already been infected with any form of the hepatitis virus, talk to your doctor about getting the hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccines.
- Use medications wisely.
- Take prescription and nonprescription drugs only when needed and only in recommended doses. Don’t mix medications and alcohol. Talk to your doctor before mixing herbal supplements or prescription or nonprescription drugs.
- Avoid contact with other people’s blood and body fluids.
- Hepatitis viruses can be spread by accidental needle sticks or improper cleanup of blood or body fluids.
- Keep your food safe.
- Wash your hands thoroughly before eating or preparing foods. If traveling in a developing country, use bottled water to drink, wash your hands and brush your teeth.
- Take care with aerosol sprays.
- Make sure to use these products in a well-ventilated area, and wear a mask when spraying insecticides, fungicides, paint and other toxic chemicals. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
- Protect your skin.
- When using insecticides and other toxic chemicals, wear gloves, long sleeves, a hat and a mask so that chemicals aren’t absorbed through your skin.
- Maintain a healthy weight.
- Obesity can cause nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Hunterdon Gastroenterology Associates will provide the most complete and accurate diagnosis of your condition- the first critical step towards appropriate treatment. Our board-certified hepatologists (specialists in the field of liver disease) have years of training and experience analyzing blood tests used to assess liver function.
We are continually researching new technologies and therapies that can help us treat and manage liver disease. That means, if we do detect a problem, you will have access to leading liver specialists who offer not only compassionate care but also the best treatment options available to give you hope for a positive outcome.
We will work with you and your family to develop the most appropriate plan to restore your health or manage a chronic disease. If we diagnose liver cancer, we will work in partnership with your oncologist to ensure seamless care.
If you have a concern about the condition of your liver, please call 908-483-4000 today for a consultation with one of our HGA specialists. We’ll schedule an appointment immediately.
